Roman Numeral Converter
Convert between Roman numerals (I, V, X, L, C, D, M) and Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3...). Supports numbers from 1 to 3,999.
Enter a value to convert.
Roman Numeral Reference
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does IV mean 4 and not IIII?
Roman numerals use subtraction notation: a smaller numeral before a larger one means subtract. IV = 5 - 1 = 4. Similarly, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400, CM = 900. This keeps numbers shorter. However, IIII is sometimes used on clock faces.
Why is the limit 3,999?
Standard Roman numerals only go up to M (1000). Numbers above 3,999 require special notation like overlines (V̄ = 5,000) which aren't commonly used today. 4,000 would be MV̄ with an overline, which this simple converter doesn't support.
Where are Roman numerals still used?
Super Bowl numbers (Super Bowl LVIII), movie sequels (Rocky IV), clock faces, book chapters, copyright years on films, monarchs' names (Queen Elizabeth II), and outline numbering. They add a classical, formal feel.